METHODOLOGY

Cash Flow Methodology — How Rental Cash Flow Is Calculated | Reaixo

The six-step calculation behind every rental cash flow estimate on Reaixo — from gross rent down to what's actually left over.

Reaixo5 min readUpdated Aug 22, 2026

Rental cash flow is the number that determines whether a property actually supports itself month to month. Reaixo calculates it in six explicit steps, each of which you can see broken out in the Rental Cash Flow Calculator's results.

The Six-Step Calculation

  • Gross income — monthly rent plus any other income (parking, laundry, storage).
  • Subtract vacancy — a percentage allowance for time between tenants.
  • Subtract operating expenses — taxes, insurance, HOA, management, maintenance, CapEx reserve, utilities.
  • That leaves NOI — Net Operating Income, before any mortgage payment.
  • Subtract mortgage principal & interest — the standard amortization payment for the loan amount, rate and term.
  • What remains is monthly cash flow — positive, break-even, or negative.
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Monthly Cash Flow = NOI − Monthly Principal & Interest
NOI (Net Operating Income) is effective income minus operating expenses — the same NOI used in the cap rate calculation, before any mortgage payment is subtracted.

Why Vacancy and CapEx Are Easy to Underestimate

These two line items are the most common way investors overstate their own cash flow. Vacancy is easy to ignore when a property is currently occupied, but every rental experiences turnover eventually. A capital expenditure reserve is easy to skip when nothing is currently broken — but a roof or HVAC system doesn't ask permission before it needs replacing. Reaixo includes both by default specifically because skipping them produces a number that looks better than the property will actually perform over time.

What Cash Flow Does Not Include

Cash flow is a single-period snapshot. It does not include property appreciation, the equity you build as the loan balance is paid down, tax effects (depreciation, deductions), or eventual selling costs — all real components of total return, just not part of this specific number.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How does Reaixo calculate rental cash flow? +

Monthly Cash Flow = NOI − Monthly Principal & Interest. NOI is effective rental income (gross rent plus other income, minus vacancy) minus operating expenses — taxes, insurance, HOA, management, maintenance, a capital expenditure reserve, and owner-paid utilities.

Why include a vacancy allowance if the property is currently rented? +

Even well-managed rentals experience vacancy between tenants over time. Skipping this allowance overstates cash flow in any month where a unit isn't between tenants, and understates the real long-run average.

What is a capital expenditure (CapEx) reserve? +

Money set aside monthly for large, infrequent replacements — roof, HVAC, water heater, major appliances — that will eventually be needed even in a year when nothing breaks. Without it, cash flow looks artificially strong in quiet years and artificially weak in the year something big fails.

Does cash flow include loan paydown or appreciation? +

No. Cash flow is a pure income-minus-expenses-minus-financing number for the current period. Principal paydown (building equity) and appreciation are real components of total return, but they are separate from monthly cash flow.

Why did my cash flow come out negative even though rent covers the mortgage? +

Because "the mortgage" is only principal and interest — once taxes, insurance, HOA, management, maintenance and a CapEx reserve are added, many properties that look profitable on rent-vs-mortgage-payment alone turn out thinner or negative on full cash flow.

Calculate Cash Flow for a Real Rental

Walk through gross income, vacancy, expenses and financing for an actual property.